Data Representation
A computer functions as an information transformer, taking input, processing it, and producing output. Information within a computer is represented in the form of binary digits, or bits. To present input and output in a human-understandable form, character representation is required, using codes like ASCII, EBCDIC, and ISCII. Arithmetic calculations are performed by representing numbers in binary and performing operations on these numbers. The following sections will address these concepts and revisit some fundamental number system principles.