Classes of organic compounds
This table provides an overview of various classes of organic compounds, their functional groups, and examples of each class.
| Class of Organic Compounds | Functional Group | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrocarbons | - | Methane (CH₄), Ethylene (C₂H₄), Acetylene (C₂H₂) |
| Alcohols | Hydroxyl (-OH) | Methanol (CH₃OH), Ethanol (C₂H₅OH), Isopropanol (C₃H₇OH) |
| Aldehydes | Carbonyl (C=O) at end | Formaldehyde (CH₂O), Propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO) |
| Ketones | Carbonyl (C=O) within | Acetone (CH₃COCH₃), Butanone (CH₃COCH₂CH₃) |
| Carboxylic Acids | Carboxyl (COOH) | Formic acid (HCOOH), Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), Benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) |
| Esters | Carboxylate (COO-) | Methyl acetate (CH₃COOCH₃), Ethyl butanoate (CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃) |
| Amines | Amino (NH₂) | Methylamine (CH₃NH₂), Dimethylamine (CH₃NHCH₃), Trimethylamine (N(CH₃)₃) |
| Ethers | Oxygen between two groups | Dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃), Diethyl ether (CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃), Anisole (CH₃OC₆H₅) |
| Halogenoalkanes | Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) | Chloromethane (CH₃Cl), Bromoethane (CH₃CH₂Br), Iodoform (CHI₃) |