Lithosphere

The  lithosphere is the solid, outer  part of theEarth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below. The asthenosphere is partially molten upper mantle material that behaves plastically and can flow. 

There are two types of lithosphere: oceanic lithosphere and continental lithosphere 

1. Oceanic lithosphere is associated with oceanic crust, and is slightly denser than continental lithosphere. The  continental lithosphere is also called the continental crust.
2. Oceanic crust is composed of magma that erupts on the seafloor to create basalt lava flows or cools deeper down to create the intrusive igneous rock gabbro. Sediments, primarily muds and the shells of tiny sea creatures, coat the seafloor. Sediment is thickest near the shore where it comes off the continents in rivers and on wind currents.
3. Continental crust is made up of many different types of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The average composition is granite, which is much less dense than the mafic igneous rocks of the oceanic crust. Because it is thick and has relatively low density, continental crust rises higher on the mantle than oceanic crust, which sinks into the mantle to form basins. 

Crust

1. The Earth's outermost layer, its crust, is rocky and rigid.
2. There are two kinds of crust: continental crust, and ocean crust. Continental crust is thicker, and predominantly felsic in composition, meaning that it contains minerals that are richer in silica. The composition is important because it makes continental crust less dense than oceanic crust.
3. Ocean crust is thinner, and predominantly mafic in composition. Mafic rocks contain minerals with less silica, but more iron and magnesium. Mafic rocks (and therefore ocean crust) are denser than the felsic rocks of continental crust.
4. The crust floats on the mantle. Continental crust floats higher in the mantle than oceanic crust because of the lower density of continental crust.
5. An important consequence of the difference in density is that if tectonic plates happen to bring ocean crust and continental crust into collision, the plate with oceanic crust will be forced down into the mantle beneath the plate with continental crust.

Mantle

The mantle represents about 68% of the mass of the earth.

1. It is subdivided into upper, transition and lower zones and form 84 percent of the earth volume.
2. The upper mantle extends to about 400kms  and contains silicate material olivine, pyroxene.
3. T r a n s i t i o n  z o n e -  400km to 1000kms (olivine, pyroxene)
4. Lower zone-1000 kms-2900kms (FEMIC)
5. Like in crust oxygen most  dominant element in the mantle and siliconi sthe second most abundant element in the mantle.
6. The density of the layer is higher than the crust and varies from 3.3 - 5.4g/cm3.
7. The portion of the mantle which is just below the lithosphere and asthenosphere, but above the core is called as Mesosphere.

Core (15% of earth volume)

1. The core is primarily composed of iron, with lesser amounts of nickel.
2. Lighter elements such as sulfur, oxygen, or silicon may also be present. The core is extremely hot (~3500° to more than 6000°C). But despite the fact that the boundary between the inner and outer core is approximately as hot as the surface of the sun, only the outer core is liquid.
3. The outer core-2900 km to 5080 km  and in liquid state mainly iron(NIFE).
4. The inner core is solid because the pressure at that depth is so high that it keeps the core from melting(5080-6370 kms and contain pure iron).
5. The core constitutes nearly 15% of earth's volume and 32.5% of earth's mass.
6. The core is the densest layer of the earth with its density ranges between 9.5-14.5g/cm3.
7. Barysphere  is  sometimes used to refer the core of the earth or sometimes the whole interior.