Atomic and Nuclear Physics is a foundational course in the field of physics that explores the fundamental constituents of matter and the forces that govern their interactions at the atomic and subatomic levels. The course delves into two major branches of physics: atomic physics, which deals with the structure and behavior of atoms, and nuclear physics, which focuses on the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei.

In atomic physics, students learn about the Bohr model of the atom, which describes electrons orbiting around a nucleus in quantized energy levels. They explore concepts such as atomic spectra, electron configurations, and the principles of quantum mechanics that underpin our understanding of atomic behavior. Additionally, students investigate phenomena like atomic transitions, photoelectric effect, and the behavior of atoms in external fields.

In nuclear physics, the course covers the properties of atomic nuclei, including their composition, stability, and modes of decay. Students study the strong and weak nuclear forces that govern interactions within the nucleus, as well as nuclear reactions and the principles of radioactive decay. Topics such as nuclear binding energy, nuclear models (like the liquid drop model and the shell model), and applications of nuclear physics in medicine, energy production, and weaponry are also explored.

Moreover, students examine the experimental techniques and instrumentation used in atomic and nuclear physics research, including spectroscopy, particle accelerators, and radiation detection methods. Theoretical aspects, such as nuclear reactions, scattering theory, and quantum field theory applied to nuclear systems, are also covered to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject.